Forwarded.

One page per claim: what was forwarded, what the evidence says, what to do instead. Every sentence sourced; medical review status shown on every page.

A chat bubble whose forward arrow becomes a calm heart trace across a grid A message bubble holds a forward arrow. The arrow runs out of the bubble and becomes a steady ECG trace across a fine grid: the forward becomes evidence.

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Got a forward?

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Thirty forwards, checked

Every sentence on these pages traces to the sources listed on the page. A named registered physician's review is being arranged; until it appears on a page, read that page as a sourced guide, not as medical advice.

How this site works

The five labels

EstablishedConsistent across systematic reviews or major guidelines.
SupportedBacked by good studies, with limits we name.
ExaggeratedA grain of truth stretched past what the evidence shows.
UnsupportedNo credible evidence for the claim.
DangerousFollowing it could cause harm or delay care.

The four source tiers

A verdict is only as strong as what it stands on. Every sentence of evidence on this site has to come from one of these four tiers, strongest first.

  1. Tier 112 sources cited

    Systematic reviews and meta-analyses

    Many studies pooled and weighed together. The strongest evidence there is.

    Cochrane, Johns Hopkins EPC

  2. Tier 265 sources cited

    Guideline bodies

    Expert panels turn that evidence into the rules doctors follow.

    WHO, ICMR, AHA/ACC, ESC, NICE, Indian Resuscitation Council

  3. Tier 337 sources cited

    Primary studies in major journals

    A single peer-reviewed trial or study. Strong, but one result.

    Lancet, NEJM, JAMA, BMJ, Circulation

  4. Tier 434 sources cited

    Physician-reviewed institutional pages

    Hospital and health-service pages checked by doctors. The floor.

    Johns Hopkins Medicine, Mayo, NHS, Cleveland Clinic

The line

Below tier 4, nothing counts as evidence.

Every source carries a link and a date. More about the site, the review process and corrections.